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Excursions in Tuscany: Sovana & Pitigliano

Monday, June 1st, 2009

Sovana and Pitigliano are two small villages located in the province of Grosseto; they’re not too far from Florence, and of course really worth the visit.

Sovana, the smaller of the two, is a really typical place of Etrusc origins, where many ancients tombs can be seen. The houses keep the characteristic atmosphere of an old center, with their red-orange bricks.

Pitigliano stands on an abrupt tuff butte high above three small rivers. From the Aldobrandesque family, to the Jewish community, this place has many stories to be discovered and places to be admired. The sight from the upper town will leave you breathless.

The Institute Galilei offers guided excursions through the most famous and beautiful places in Tuscany. See the program here >>>

Art history in Florence: The Boboli Gardens

Friday, May 29th, 2009

During spring and summertime, the Boboli gardens is one of the places that must absolutely be visited. Located across the Arno river, in the less turistic and more “real” part of Florence, these gardens extend directly behind the Pitti Palace. They were laid out for Eleonora di Toledo (the wife of Cosimo I dé Medici) one year after the Medici Family purchased the palace; with their perfect shapes and simmetry, the Boboli gardens represent the perfect example of the Renaissance garden.

An elaborate irrigation system brings water from the arno river to the gardens (which lack  a natural source of water); whithin the many sculptures and artworks which you will be pleased to admire walking around, you can find an amphitheater, an egyptian obelisque (brought from the Villa Medici in Rome), the Fountain of Neptune, with the sculpture of Neptune by Stoldo Lorenzi.

The Boboli gardens can be included in the program of guided visits of Florence or in the art history course offered by the Institute Galilei.

Art history in Florence: Piazzale Michelangelo

Thursday, May 7th, 2009

Located in the Oltrarno, the part of the town across the river, this square is known all over the world for the magnificent view of the city landscape it offers – which is in fact reproduced in many postcards.

Designed by Giuseppe Poggioni, the square was buit in 1869, during the urban renewal of the town. Florence was the capital of Italy and during that period, the middle class strongly wanted to show its strong rebirth; there were created lungarni; on the right bank, instead of the fourteenth-century walls were open the avenues of the ring of a boulevard, on the left bank was traced, wind on the hill of San Miniato, the Viale dei Colli, a street tree overview 8 kilometers long, at whose climax the square was built as a terrace with a panoramic view inside the city.

The Michelangelo square, dedicated to the great Renaissance artist Michelangelo, has copies of some of his famous works in Florence: the David and the four allegories of the Medici Chapel of San Lorenzo. These copies are made of bronze, while the originals are all in white marble. The monument was brought up by nine pairs of oxen on 25 June 1873.

Poggi designed the loggia in the neoclassical style that dominates the whole terrace, which today houses a panoramic restaurant. Originally it was supposed to house a museum of works by Michelangelo, ever.

The view shows the heart of Florence from Forte Belvedere to Santa Croce lungarni through the bridges of Florence and in sequence, especially the Ponte Vecchio, are the Duomo, Palazzo Vecchio, the Bargello and the octagonal bell tower of the Badia Fiorentina, without forgetting opposed to the hills north of the city with the center and Settignano Fiesole.

The square can be accessed by car along the tree-Viale Michelangelo, made in those same years, or walk the stairs going up the ramps of the monumental Piazza Poggi Poggi in the district of San Niccolò.

(source: Wiki)

Discover Florence with a real art history teacher, following the Institute Galilei’s art history course!

Art history in Florence: L’Ospedale degli Innocenti

Thursday, April 30th, 2009

The “Hospital of the Innocence”, also known as Spedale degli Innocenti in Italian, was a children’s orphanage designed by Filippo Brunelleschi in 1419. The hospital, facing Santissima Annunziata square with its loggia, is one of the best examples of the Italian Renaissance architecture.

The building, elevated above the level of the piazza by a set of steps running along the entire length of the façade, was constructed in several phases of which only the first was under Brunelleschi’s direct supervision. Since the loggia was started before the hospital was begun, the hospital was not formally opened until 1445.

Brunelleschi’s design was based on Classical Roman, Italian Romanesque and late Gothic architecture, but the use of round columns with classically correct capitals, in this case of the Composite Order, in conjunction with a dosseret (or impost blocks) was novel. So too, the circular arches and the segmented spherical domes behind them. The architectural elements were also all articulated in grey stone and set off against the white of the walls. This motif came to be known as pietra serena (Italian: dark stone). Also novel was the proportional logic. The heights of the columns, for example, was not arbitrary. If a horizontal line is drawn along the tops of the columns, a square is created out of the height of the column and the distance from one column to the next. This desire for regularity and geometric order was to become an important element in Renaissance architecture.

An important feature of the building are, of course, the “Tondi”, located above each column. In Brunelleschi’s original idea, they were supposed to be blank, but later Andrea della Robbia was commissioned to fill them in.

The design features a baby in swaddling clothes on a blue wheel, indicative of the horizontal wheel in the wall where babies could be rotated into the interior. A few of the tondi are still the original ones, but some are nineteenth century copies.

(source: Wikipedia)

The Ospedale degli Innocenti can be included in the Institute Galile’s art history and guided visits program.

Art history in Florence: The lucky piglet

Thursday, April 23rd, 2009

La “Loggia del Porcellino”  – that means literally “The lodge of the piglet” – it’s a 16th century lodge, located just in the way between Piazza della Repubblica and Ponte Vecchio.  As we can understand from its official name, “Loggia del Mercato Nuovo”, its function was – and still, is – the sale of goods. Walking there, you will be captured by the thousands of colours of the exposed bags, scarves and lots of other things.

But let’s talk about the funny piglet that you can see right in front of the building. This bronze wild boar is a reproduction of an Hellenistic statue which is in the Uffizzi, signed by Pietro Tacca. The piglet is a real touristic attraction, Wikipedia explains the reason:

Popular tradition has it that rubbing the nose brings fortune, so that the statue has acquired over time a certain shine in that spot. Visitors are encouraged to place a coin in the mouth of the boar after rubbing its nose, and superstition implies that the wish will be granted if the offering tumbles through the grate whence the water flows.”

This place of interest can of course be included in one of the Institute Galilei’s guided tours of Florence.  Good luck, then!

Art history in Florence: La loggia del Bigallo

Wednesday, April 22nd, 2009

Walking in front of  Santa Maria del Fiore cathedral, you will see – right in the corner in front of you, between piazza San Giovanni and Via dei Calzaiuoli – a particular building with two wide arches; it’s called “Loggia del Bigallo”, and was part of a construction that housed the “Compagnia della Misericordia” (the Company of Mercy).


Built around 1352, the Loggia was used as a shelter for lost children and unwanted infants who were abandoned to0 the care of the Company of Mercy.  In 1425 the “Compagnia of Santa Maria del Bigallo”, normally housed at Orsanmichele, transfered here as well. They used to take care of pilgrims and travellers at their Ospedale di Santa Maria del Bigallo, located in Fonteviva.

The two arches are richely decorated with bas-reliefs of prophets, Angel, the Virtues, a Christ giving benediction and an Ecce Homo. Nowadays, the Loggia hosts a museums of objects related to the Compagnia del Bigallo.

(source: Wikipedia)

Every building in Florence hides a story – discovering it with the Institute Galilei’s art history course is really easy and interesting!

Art history in Florence: The church of the brides

Thursday, April 16th, 2009

The square of Santissima Annunziata is one of the most beautiful in Florence. In its perfect Renaissance structure hides many anecdotes that not everyone knows. Each piece of the square can be analyzed in its single story – we will start talking about the Basilica of Santissima Annunziata.

The Basilica of the Most Holy Annunciation (Basilica della Santissima Annunziata) is a Catholic church located in Santissima Annunziata Square, in Florence.

This basilica was founded in 1250 by the Seven Holy Founders, the seven Florentine youths belonging to patrician families that formed the Servite Order. The Servite is one of the five original Catholic mendicant orders and its members (called Servite Friars or Servants of Mary) are devoted to the Mother of God.

The Basilica della Santissima Annunziata still is the mother church of the Servite Order.

Inside the Basilica there’s a miraculous painting of the Annunciation that, after being begun by one of the monks in 1252, was supposedly completed by an angel while he slept.

A special atrium (Chiostrino dei voti) has been built to house the votive offerings of the pilgrims that came to venerate the painting. This painting has always been venerated, especially by girls and women in childbed and, traditionally, the Florentine brides visit this shrine to leave their bouquets as a gift to the Virgin Mary.

This church is just on the Institute Galilei’s doorstep and is worth visiting.

Art history in Florence: The Brancacci Chapel

Wednesday, March 18th, 2009

Located in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Florence, the Brancacci Chapel (the “Cappella Brancacci”) it’s a richely-decorated Chapel, also known as the “Sistine Chapel of the early Renaissance” for its painting cycle, which follows a precise narrative line.

Mostly decorated by Felice Brancacci, Masolino da Panicale, Masaccio and Filippo Lippi, the Chapel features famous mural paintings like the Masaccio’s “Expulsion from the Garden of Eden” and “Payment of the Tribute money”. This last painting is the most famous of the Chapel, also because of its innovative representation of Jesus as a human, with the same height of the disciples.

Masaccio’s technique, with its scientific perspective, unified lighting, use of  “chiaroscuro” and natural figures, was one of the most important influence for the new Renaissance style.

A visit to the Santa Maria del Carmine church and Cappella Brancacci can be included in the Institute Galilei’s Art History course, or in the program of the guided visits of  Florence.

Art history in Florence: The Bargello museum | Histoire de l’art à Florence: Le musée Bargello

Tuesday, February 24th, 2009

Yes, right: Florence is the best town in Italy where people can get directly in touch with Art, and everyone who comes here knows for sure, also only by name, museums like the Uffizi Gallery, the Accademia Gallery or Palazzo Pitti. But only few people know that here in Florence there is much more to see – without standing in a queue for hours and hours.

The Bargello Museum is one of the less-known museums in Florence, but it really worths the visit. Its strange name comes directly from Latin: the word “bargillus” means, in fact, castle or fortified tower; that’s what the Bargello Palace, also known as Palace of the people, actually is.

Originally used as a prison, this middle age palace is nowadays hosting a rich art collection which includes the masterpieces of artists like Michelangelo, Donatello, Gemito, San Sovino, Della Robbia, Cellini.
Going there, you will also have the possibility to see a fine collection of ceramics, textile, tapestries, ivory, silver, armours and old coins.
If this is not enough for you, let me tell you that this museums also features the competing designs created by Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi to win the contest for the doors of the Florentine Baptistery.

This museum is just one of the visits included in the Institute Galilei’s art history program.

| Oui, c’est vrai: Florence est l’une des meilleures villes Italienne où vivre l’art de première main, et tout les touristes qui viennent ici connaîtrent surement la Galérie des Uffizi, l’Accademia ou Palazzo Pitti. Mais pas tout le monde sait qu’ici à Florence il y a plein des autres places et musées merveilleux qu’on peut voir sans attendre un après midi entier en file.

Le musée du Bargello c’est pas trop connu, mais vaut vraiment la visite. Son nom vient du latin, où le mot bargillus indique un chateau fortifié ou une tour; exactément ce qu’est le palace du Bargello, qui est nommé aussi comme palace du peuple.

Usé initialement comme prison, le palace du moyen âge offre aujourd’hui une grande collection avec chef d’oeuvre de Michelangelo, Donatello, Gemito, San Sovino, Della Robbia, Cellini aussi, et une très belle collection de céramiques, textiles, tapis, argents.

En plus, le musée conserve les dessins de compétition crées par Ghiberti et Brunelleschi pour le concour de la porte du Baptistère.

Ce musée est compris dans notre programme d’Histoire de l’art.